Abstract
Etiology of different types of root resorption requires two phases: mechanical or chemical injury to the protective tissues and stimulation by infection or pressure. Injury can be similar in various types of root resorption. The selection of proper treatment is related to the stimulation factors. Intrapulpal infection is the stimulation factor in internal root resorption and external periradicular inflammatory root resorption. Adequate root canal treatment controls intrapulpal bacteria and arrests the resorption process. In cervical root resorption, infection originates from the periodontal sulcus and stimulates the pathological process. As adequate infection control in the sulcus is unlikely, removal of granulation tissue from the resorption lacuna and sealing are necessary for repair. Removal of the stimulation factor, i.e. pressure, is the treatment of choice in root resorption related to pressure during orthodontic treatment, or an impacted tooth or tumor. In ankylotic root resorption, there is no known stimulation factor; thus, no predictable treatment can be suggested. Therefore, various types of root resorptions can be classified according to the stimulation factors: pulpal infection resorption, periodontal infection resorption, orthodontic pressure resorption, impacted tooth or tumor pressure resorption, and ankylotic resorption.
22. J Endod. 2003 Jun;29(6):416-8. Antibacterial efficacy of a new chlorhexidine slow release device to disinfect dentinal tubules. Lin S, Zuckerman O, Weiss EI, Mazor Y, Fuss Z. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Dentinal tubules of 27 cylindrical bovine root specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis. In nine specimens, 5% chlorhexidine was placed in a slow-release device (Activ Point) for 7 days, in another nine irrigation with 10 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine was used, and the remaining nine served as positive control. Powder dentin samples obtained from within the canal lumina using ISO 025 to 033 burs were examined for the presence of vital bacteria by inoculating brain-heart infusion plates and counting colony forming units. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and covariance with repeated measures. Heavy bacterial infection was observed at the layer close to the lumen in the control specimens, decreasing rapidly from layer to layer up to the deepest layer tested (400-500 microm), which contained several hundred colony forming units. Viable bacteria in each layer of dentin were significantly reduced with chlorhexidine irrigation solution (p < 0.01) and were completely eliminated with the chlorhexidine slow-release device (p < 0.01).
PMID:
12814228
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23. Int Endod J. 2003 Jan;36(1):49-53. Comparison of procedural errors resulting during root canal preparations completed by junior dental students in patients using an '8-step method' versus 'serial step-back technique.'. Kfir A, Rosenberg E, Zuckerman O, Tamse A, Fuss Z. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Abstract AIM:
To compare procedural errors occurring during preparation of root canals by junior dental students in patients using a new '8-step method' versus traditional 'serial step-back technique. METHODOLOGY:
Junior dental students treated 291 root canals of maxillary and mandibular teeth in patients. A new '8-step method' was used to prepare 149 canals, whilst the traditional 'serial step-back technique' was used for 142 root canals. Instrumentation was carried out in both techniques using standardized stainless steel K-files and coronal flaring with Gates-Glidden reamers. In the apical one-third, a filing motion was used in the traditional technique: with the '8-step method,' reaming or filing motions were used in sizes up to 25 and only reaming in sizes larger than 25. All root canals were obturated with gutta-percha points and AH26 using a lateral condensation technique. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were made of each tooth. Procedural errors were recorded and statistically analysed using a binomic test for comparison of proportion. RESULTS:
Significantly (P < (1.0001) more root canals maintained their original shape with no deviation (91%) with the'8-step method' compared to the traditional 'serial step-back technique' (61%). The procedural errors detected with the'8-step method' consisted of 10 canals with transportation (5%) and five with root perforations (2%); there were no canal obstructions. With the 'serial step-back technique: significantly (P < 0.0001) more errors occurred: 28 canals were transported (17%), 10 had root perforations (7%), and 16 canals were obstructed (6%). The differences in maintaining the original root canal shape between the two methods were significantly greater in molar versus anterior teeth. CONCLUSIONS:
The new '8-step method' resulted in fewer procedural errors than the traditional 'serial step-back technique' when junior students prepared root canals in patients.
PMID:
12656514
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24. Int Endod J. 2002 Jun;35(6):522-6. A laboratory study of the effect of calcium hydroxide mixed with iodine or electrophoretically activated copper on bacterial viability in dentinal tubules. Fuss Z, Mizrahi A, Lin S, Cherniak O, Weiss EI. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. netvision.net.il Abstract AIM:
The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the ability of calcium hydroxide (CH), CH/iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) and electrophoretically activated copper to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules. METHODOLOGY:
In an in vitro model of dentinal tubule infection, 42 cylindrical root specimens, prepared from freshly extracted bovine teeth were used. After removal of the smear layer, intracanal dentinal tubules were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks. CH alone or preparations of CH with copper or IKI were placed in the root canal for 1 week. In specimens containing copper/CH, an electrophoretic current(5 mA/5 min) was applied using two electrodes follow-ing placement of the medicament in the canal. Powder dentine samples obtained from the canal wall using ISO sizes: 025, 027, 029, 031 and 033 burs were examined for the presence of viable bacteria by inoculating agar plates and counting colony forming units (cfu). RESULTS:
A significant difference was found between the experimental groups and the positive control group. CH and CH/IKI significantly (P < 0.001)reduced bacterial viability in dentinal tubules to a depth of 200 microm. Specimens with CH/IKI had significantly fewer viable bacteria than CH alone in tubules between the depths of 200-500 microm. Treatment with CH/copper and electrophoresis was most effective: specimens showed no viable bacteria in dentinal tubules to a depth of 500 microm from the root-canal space. CONCLUSIONS:
IKI or electrophoretically activated copper additives can significantly improve the antibacterial properties of CH in dentinal tubules.
PMID:
12190909
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25. J Endod. 2001 Jan;27(1):46-8. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Vertical root fractures of endodontically treated teeth are a frustrating complication that leads to extraction. The aim of the current survey was to evaluate the role of operative procedures in the etiology of this complication. A total of 154 endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth were cleaned and washed after extraction and maintained in individual vials. Periapical radiographs before extraction, clinical findings and previous operative procedures were recorded. A post was observed in 95 teeth (61.7%), with 66 of these ending at the coronal third of the root. Most were screw posts of the Dentatus type (n = 64) and tapered cast posts (n = 14). A full crown was observed in 118 teeth, and 65 of these (55%) were extracted between 1 to 5 yr after final restoration. In 24 crowned teeth extraction was conducted within 1 yr after restoration and in 28 teeth after >5 years. It was concluded that post placement and root canal treatment are the major etiological factors for root fractures. Because signs and symptoms can appear years after the operative procedures in the root have been completed, coronal restorations would not interfere with the correct clinical diagnosis of vertical root fractures. Frequent recalls are recommended to diagnose vertical root fractures early, especially in susceptible teeth, such as premolars and mesial roots of mandibular molars.
PMID:
11487164
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26. J Endod. 2001 Jun;27(6):398-400. Bacterial penetration and proliferation in root canal dentinal tubules after applying dentin adhesives in vitro. Assouline LS, Fuss Z, Mazor Y, Weiss EI. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Endodontic treatment is aimed at eliminating infection and preventing bacterial regrowth in the root canal and dentinal tubules. In the present study the ability of two dentin adhesives to prevent bacterial penetration and subsequent proliferation in dentinal tubules was evaluated. Cylindrical root specimens prepared from freshly extracted bovine teeth were used in an in vitro model of dentinal tubule infection. After removal of the smear layer the intracanal dentinal tubules of the specimens were acid-etched and treated with either Gluma or EBS. Untreated specimens served as controls. Specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and incubated in Brain Heart Infusion for 21 days. Powder dentin samples obtained from within the canal lumina, using ISO 025 to 033 burs, were examined for the presence of vital bacteria by inoculating on agar plates and counting colony-forming units. A significant difference was found between the experimental groups and the untreated group. After application with Gluma specimens showed the least viable bacteria in dentinal tubules. Data suggested that dentin adhesives reduced bacterial invasion into dentin and therefore have a potential role in endodontic treatment.
PMID:
11487134
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27. J Endod. 2001 Apr;27(4):292-5. The unpredictability of seal after post space preparation: a fluid transport study. Abramovitz L, Lev R, Fuss Z, Metzger Z. Source
Department of Endodontology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
A root canal filling remaining after post space preparation is commonly expected to provide adequate seal. Coronal leakage of 30 endodontically treated teeth was measured before post space preparation using a fluid transport assay. In 10 of these teeth post space was prepared, using a two-step procedure, first to a remaining filling of 6 mm and then to 3 mm, with the leakage studied after each step. In 10 teeth the removal was done in one step to a remaining length of 3 mm. The other 10 teeth, with intact root canal fillings, served as controls and were tested twice for leakage. A significant difference was found between the sealing ability of intact fillings and that of partially removed ones (p < 0.05). The difference between the sealing ability of 3 and 6 mm remaining length group was not statistically significant. The lack of statistical differences between the 6 mm and 3 mm fillings was due to a great variability which existed among the 3 mm remaining fillings. These results suggest that 3 to 6 mm fillings provided a seal inferior to that of intact root canal fillings. Reduction of the fillings to 3 mm resulted in an unpredictable seal.
PMID:
11485271
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28. J Endod. 2000 Sep;26(9):519-22. Effect of various mixing ratios on antibacterial properties and hardness of endodontic sealers. Fuss Z, Charniaque O, Pilo R, Weiss E. Source
Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. Abstract
Most chemically cured two-component dental materials, including endodontic sealers, are marketed with mixing instructions but with no strict mixing ratios. The present study evaluated the antibacterial properties and hardness of three endodontic sealers: Roth's cement (RC), CRCS, and AH26, mixed to four controlled consistencies within the range of the manufacturer recommendations. Using Enterococcus faecalis as the test microorganism, antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and direct contact test. Surface hardness of sealers with the same consistency was evaluated on week-old specimens by the Knoop Hardness Number tester. In the agar diffusion test, light consistency of RC showed larger zones of inhibition than heavier consistency, whereas no significant differences were found with AH26 or CRCS. In the direct contact test, RC and CRCS exhibited complete inhibition of bacterial growth at all consistencies, whereas AH26 with the heavier consistencies did not inhibit bacterial growth at 24 h samples. The hardness of AH26 and CRCS was significantly lower with lighter consistencies. It is concluded that endodontic sealers possess different antibacterial and physical properties according to their mixing consistencies.
PMID:
11199792
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29. J Endod. 2000 Aug;26(8):466-8. Sealing furcation perforations with silver glass ionomer cement: an in vitro evaluation. Fuss Z, Abramovitz I, Metzger Z. Source
Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Abstract
Furcation perforations sealed with silver glass ionomer cement (Chelon Silver) were evaluated in vitro compared with amalgam. Access cavities were prepared in 25 extracted human molar teeth. The coronal orifices of the root canals were sealed with amalgam and varnish. Naturally occurring coronal leakage through the intact pulp chamber floor was determined quantitatively for each tooth, using a modified fluid transport model, under pressure of 1.2 Atm. Each tooth was then disconnected from the system, perforated at the furcation, and the perforation sealed with either Chelon Silver (10 teeth) or amalgam (10 teeth); five remaining teeth served as a negative control. After incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C in 100% humidity, teeth were reconnected to the modified fluid transport system, and coronal leakage under pressure was evaluated at 1, 2, 6, 15, and 24 h. Leakage through each tooth was compared with that of its own intact pulp chamber floor before perforation and the groups compared with each other. No significant difference was found between the mean leakage of the intact pulp chamber floors of the two groups. Chelon Silver had a significantly better sealing ability than amalgam (p < 0.01): leakage rate of 0.007 and 0.017 microliter/min, respectively. It is concluded that Chelon Silver could be an adequate sealer for furcation perforations.
PMID:
11199781
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30. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000 Aug;90(2):224-7. Pattern of bone resorption in vertically fractured, endodontically treated teeth. Lustig JP, Tamse A, Fuss Z. Source
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Abstract PURPOSE:
To evaluate the clinical pattern of alveolar bone resorption associated with vertically fractured, endodontically treated teeth in correlation to clinical symptoms. Material and Methods: The pattern of bone resorption was evaluated in 66 maxillary premolars, 13 mandibular premolars, and 31 mesial roots of mandibular molars extracted during an 18-month period because of vertical root fractures. Type and duration of symptoms were recorded and correlated to the pattern of bone resorption. RESULTS:
A V-shaped pattern osseous defect (dehiscence) was typical (91%) to the buccal plate rather than a U-shaped shallow, rounded, slow grade resorption in the palatal or lingual plate. Fenestration of the buccal plate was observed in 10 patients (9%). A positive correlation between type of symptoms and amount of buccal bone resorption was found (P <.0001). The resorptive defect was always facing the fracture line. CONCLUSIONS:
A typical pattern of bone resorption in vertical root fracture cases as shown in this study can be helpful to the clinician in diagnosing vertical root fracture when an exploratory full flap surgical procedure is performed.
PMID:
10936842
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31. J Endod. 1999 Jul;25(7):506-8. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertically fractured teeth. Tamse A, Fuss Z, Lustig J, Kaplavi J. Source
Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
For this survey, 92 vertically fractured endodontically treated teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically before and after extraction. The maxillary second premolars (27.2%) and mesial roots of the mandibular molars (24%) were the most fractured teeth. In 67.4% of the teeth, a solitary buccal pocket was present; in 34.8%, a fistula frequently appeared closer to the gingival margin than to the apical area. A lateral radiolucency or a combination of lateral and periapical radiolucency was found in more than half of the cases. The general practitioners correctly diagnosed vertical root fracture in only one-third of the 92 fractured teeth in this survey.
PMID:
10687518
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32. Int Endod J. 1999 Aug;32(4):283-6. Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Tamse A. Source
Department of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract AIM:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vertical root fractures (VRF) in extracted endodontically treated teeth and to correlate the findings to previous studies and surveys. METHODOLOGY:
Root-canal-treated teeth were referred for extraction from a public dental clinic. The endodontic therapy had been completed by a variety of dentists. Each tooth was evaluated following extraction by the oral surgeon who performed the procedure: the exact aetiology for the clinical diagnosis that led to the extraction was recorded. RESULTS:
The major reasons for extraction were restorative (43.5%) and endodontic (21.1%), followed by vertical root fractures (10.9%). CONCLUSIONS:
The relatively high prevalence of vertical root fractures in this survey compared with previous clinical and radiographic surveys was probably related to the difficulties in making a clinical diagnosis of vertical fractures before extraction.
PMID:
10551119
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33. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999 Sep;88(3):348-52. Radiographic features of vertically fractured, endodontically treated maxillary premolars. Tamse A, Fuss Z, Lustig J, Ganor Y, Kaffe I. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most frequent radiographic appearance of bony lesions associated with vertically fractured roots of endodontically treated maxillary premolars. STUDY DESIGN:
The radiographic features of 102 endodontically treated teeth and their periradicular areas (51 with and 51 without vertically fractured roots) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS:
The predominant appearance of the periradicular area in the teeth with vertically fractured roots was the "halo" lesion (57%); by contrast, in the non-vertically fractured roots group, a "periapical" radiolucent lesion was most frequently found (55%). Angular bone loss (14%) and periodontal radiolucency (14%) were also typical radiolucent lesions in the vertically fractured teeth. CONCLUSIONS:
"Halo" lesion, perilateral radiolucency, and angular resorption of the crestal bone, combined with diffuse or defined but not corticated borders, indicated a high probability of vertical root fracture in maxillary premolars.
PMID:
10503867
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34. Int Endod J. 1997 Nov;30(6):403-7. Reliability of different electronic apex locators to detect root perforations in vitro. Kaufman AY, Fuss Z, Keila S, Waxenberg S. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the electronic apex locator Root ZX compared to the Sono Explorer Mark II Junior and Apit III in detecting root perforations. Extracted human teeth (n = 30) were perforated artificially in the middle third of the root and embedded in a box containing alginate. Detection of all perforations were carried out with K-files attached to the apex locators tested. The teeth were radiographed after each electronic measurement. The actual location of the tip of the file in relation to the external root surface and the radiographic determination of the perforations were carried out using a stereomicroscope. The mean distance of the tip of the file from the external outline of the root surface was short for all instruments and clinically acceptable (0.06-0.25 mm). There was no clinically significant difference between the morphometric measurements and the radiographic measurements. No statistical significance was found between large perforations (0.55-0.60 mm) and small perforations (0.25-0.40 mm). Under the conditions of this study, all electronic apex locators tested were acceptable clinical tools in the detection of root perforations.
PMID:
9588980
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35. Int Endod J. 1997 Nov;30(6):397-402. Antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide-containing endodontic sealers on Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Fuss Z, Weiss EI, Shalhav M. Source
Department of Endodontology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldshleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers is an important factor in the prognosis of root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to analyse the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide-containing endodontic sealers, Sealapex (SA) and CRCS compared to a ZOE-containing sealer, Roth's cement. The sealers were mixed and placed on the side wall of microtitre plate wells. A 10 microL suspension of Enterococcus faecalis was added to the surface of the sealers 1 h, 24 h, or 7 days after mixture. Bacteria were allowed to come into contact with the sealers for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Fresh media was then added and bacterial growth was measured every 30 min for 16 h. The results showed that in 1-hour-old mixture, CRCS and Roth's cement had a significantly better antimicrobial effect than SA. In 24-hour-old mixtures, ZOE-based sealer showed a more potent antimicrobial activity than calcium hydroxide-containing sealers, whereas SA showed a significantly better antimicrobial effect in the 7-day-old mixture. The antimicrobial activity of each tested sealer changes differently with the time interval between mixing and testing, suggesting different physicochemical properties and potentially diverse clinical applications.
PMID:
9588979
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36. J Endod. 1997 Nov;23(11):694-7. Effect of intended treatment on anxiety and on reaction to electric pulp stimulation in dental patients. Eli I, Bar-Tal Y, Fuss Z, Silberg A. Source
Section of Behavioral Sciences,The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Fear and anxiety are common emotional concomitants of acute pain that increase the perception of noxious events as painful. In the present study, 92 patients who were about to undergo various dental treatments (calculus removal, filling, root canal treatment, and extraction) were evaluated comparing the level of their dental anxiety and pain expectation from the intended treatment to their reaction to electric pulp stimulation. The data indicate that patients differ significantly in their dental anxiety levels and in their expectation to experience pain according to the following hierarchy (in descending order): extraction, root canal treatment, filling, and calculus removal. Anxiety and amount of pain expected from treatment correlated significantly with each other, but no simple correlations were found between anxiety and actual pain measures recorded after pulp stimulation.
PMID:
9587311
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37. J Endod. 1997 Oct;23(10):616-9. In vitro antibacterial activity of a glass ionomer endodontic sealer. Shalhav M, Fuss Z, Weiss EI. Source
Section of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a recently introduced glass ionomer endodontic sealer, Ketac Endo (KE), compared to a commonly used ZOE-based endodontic sealer, Roth's cement (RC). With the use of E. faecalis as a test organism, the agar diffusion test (ADT) and direct contact test (DCT) were performed. For the DCT, the sealers were mixed and placed on the side wall of microtiter plate wells. A 10 microL bacterial suspension was placed on the tested material samples 20 min, 24 h, and 7 days after mixing. Bacteria were allowed to directly contact the sealers for 1 h at 37 degrees C. Fresh media was then added and bacterial growth was measured every 30 min over 15 h. The results showed that in the ADT, freshly mixed KE exhibited a twofold greater inhibition zone than RC (p < 0.05); in the DCT, freshly mixed KE and RC completely inhibited bacterial growth. The 24-h and 7-day samples of KE showed no antibacterial activity, whereas RC continued to exhibit a strong effect with similar samples. It has been concluded that KE possesses a short-acting very potent and diffusable antibacterial activity, whereas RC extends its effect over 7 days after setting.
PMID:
9587273
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38. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996 Dec;12(6):255-64. Root perforations: classification and treatment choices based on prognostic factors. Fuss Z, Trope M. Source
Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
Root perforations are common complications of endodontic treatment or post preparation and often lead to tooth extraction. Successful treatment depends mainly on immediate sealing of the perforation and prevention of infection. Several factors affect the achievement of these goals, most important of which are: time of occurrence, size, and location of the perforation. A classification of root perforations, based on the above factors, is presented to assist the clinician in the choice of the treatment protocol which will give the best possible results when a perforation is diagnosed.
PMID:
9206372
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39. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996 Sep;82(3):324-9. Determination of location of root perforations by electronic apex locators. Fuss Z, Assooline LS, Kaufman AY. Source
Section of Endodontology, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract OBJECTIVES:
This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of two electronic apex locators, the Sono Explorer Mark 2 Junior (Hakusui, Osaka, Japan) and Apit 2 (Osada, Tokyo, Japan) in detecting root perforations. The adequacy of radiographs for identifying root perforations was also assessed. STUDY DESIGN:
Thirty-two extracted human teeth were perforated in the middle third of the root and embedded in alginate. Determination of all perforations were carried out with K-files no. 25 attached to the apex locators tested. Two radiographs were taken at two angulations after each electronic measurement. The actual location of the file tip in relation to the perforation was determined with a stereomicroscope. A total of 512 radiographs were evaluated to attempt to identify root perforations. RESULTS:
The mean distance of the file tip from the external outline of the root surface was short for both instruments. A statistical difference (p < 0.05) was found between the two apex locators in dry canals or if saline solution was present. There was no significant difference between the two instruments in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. Evaluators radiographically identified 45% of the root perforations when located in buccal-lingual directions. CONCLUSION:
Under the in vitro conditions of this study, both devices determined the location of the perforations in an acceptable clinical range short of the root surface. Radiographs were found to be less reliable in identification of perforation locations.
PMID:
8884834
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40. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1996 Aug;12(4):179-84. Assessment of antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers by a direct contact test. Weiss EI, Shalhav M, Fuss Z. Source
Section of Operative Dentistry, Maurice and Gaoriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Abstract
It is recognized that endodontic success depends on bacterial elimination from the root and root canal system. Antibacterial activity of endodontic sealers can improve the success rate of endodontic treatment, provided the physical properties are not compromised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of two endodontic sealers (AH26 and Endoflas) using a direct contact test (DCT) which was designed for this purpose. The DCT is based on measuring the effect of close contact between test bacteria and the tested material on the kinetics of bacterial outgrowth using a temperature controlled microplate spectrophotometer (THERMOmax). For comparison, the agar diffusion test (ADT) was performed for both materials. The results of the DCT showed that Endoflas was a significantly more potent bacterial growth inhibitor than AH26, whereas when assessed with the ADT, AH26 was capable of producing a larger inhibition zone than Endoflas. The DCT, by being quantitative and virtually independent of solubility and diffusion, was found more suitable to assay solid surfaces. The results demonstrated the added value of DCT in the study of the antimicrobial properties of endodontic sealers.
PMID:
